PTE & IELTS Practice Resource

 

 

English Grammar: http://englishteststore.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11387&Itemid=380

 

PTE

 

1. General :  https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B3nXticqd36dRW9EY1lRQXNXTVE&usp=sharing

2. Speaking: https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B3nXticqd36dYXp6UFd3a0x4ZnM&usp=sharing

                        To practice voice to text: use https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/demos/speech.html

                         http://pteacademicpreparation.blogspot.in/2015/08/how-to-score-well-in-speaking-speaking.html

          Repeat sentence: http://www.manythings.org/videos/tom/

         How to score well in speaking: http://pteacademicpreparation.blogspot.in/2015/08/how-to-score-well-in-speaking-speaking.html

3. Writing: https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B3nXticqd36dWnZ4M282VHVqYk0&usp=sharing

4. Reading: https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B3nXticqd36deWtDSzFnRGQ2eGM&usp=sharing

                  Re-order: http://www.lofoya.com/Verbal-Test-Questions-and-Answers/Parajumbles/l1p1

                 Multiple Choice: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73ZDMd3KmjU&list=PLx4mnrtfZomb-t9uQSfK6z1QKf_MFSzZA

5. Listening:  https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B3nXticqd36dZXJOcVpOQzNCdjA&usp=sharing

                 Shailesh: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rN7Tit2qKm4&list=PLOjxOIOtmBvG_-hmB8iQmzLHG_MsZiu3U

               Fill the gap: http://englishteststore.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13634&Itemid=225%3f

 

 

 

 

Youtube Resource:

1. Essay Writing : Ryan Channel : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKrhTJTTUp9Kx2KEoxGp2QA

2. Speaking :Emma Channel:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRFEKvsw-vs

3. Shailesh channel: For Practice:

 

 

 

IELTS & PTE

1. Band 8-9 Essays Samples:

http://www.ieltspodcast.com/ielts-writing-task/ielts-band-9-sample-essay-no-9/

http://www.ielts-blog.com/category/ielts-writing-samples/ielts-essays-band-8/

2. Essay Topics:

1) The environment we are living in danger due to various problems . Who do

you think is responsible for solving it? Is it the role of the government,

individuals or organizations.?

2) Successful sports star and glamorous film stars are a role model for

youngster. Do you support or not?

3) Some people believe laws can change human behavior? Do you agree

with it?

4) It has been noticed that now a days large shopping malls are replacing

small shops What is your opinion about this? Discuss with appropriate

examples.

5) Now a days, television has become an integral part of one s life not only to

spread news and awareness but also as a companion. Describe in details.

6) Climate change is affecting the world. What is the result of this change to

mankind. Who should be responsible for this- The government,

individuals or organization?

7) What are the positive and negative aspects of Adventure Sports?

8) What are the positive and negative aspects of tourism?

9) Sports is an appropriate means to ease tension and release patriotic

emotions in both domestic and international levels. Do you agree of

disagree?

10) What are the positive and negative What are the positive and

negative effects of the information revolution through mass media?

11) The top level authorities of a company should take the advice of the

employees for suggestions and ideas. Do you agree or disagree?

12) Many people think that the regions affect successful person. What is

your opinion about native region and accomplished person ?

13) Is English losing its importance as an international language due to the

effect of globalization?

14) Technology is not a curse than a boon to mankind. Do you agree or

disagree?

​15) Parents should be held legally responsible for their children's acts. What is

your opinion?

16) What is the best invention made in the last 100 years. Computers,

Antibiotics, Airplane? Give reasons for your answer?

16) In the future, illiterates will not be the those who cannot read, they

will be the ones who do not know how to learn. What are your views?.

17) What are the positive and the negative roles of the latest

technological developments?

18) Communication has changed significantly in the last 10 years.

Discuss the positive and negative impacts of the change.

19) Do you think that formal written examinations are a good way to

assess knowledge at school?

20) Learning a new language at an early age is helpful for students. Do

you think it has positive or adverse effects?

21) Education is the biggest barrier in my learning—Einstein. What did

Einstein mean by this according to you. Do you agree with what he said.

22) Some people think that placing advertisements in school is a great

resource for public schools that need additional funding, but others think it

exploits children by keeping them captive audience for corporate

sponsors. Choose which position do you agree with.

23) Do you think consumers should avoid over packed food or is it the

responsibility of the producers to avoid extra packaging or products? Give

your views.

24) Marketing strategy for big companies should be based on offers and

discounts. In what way do these impact on our reputation.

25) Do you think that settling down before completing education is a

good choice. OR is it better to get a job before settling down?

26) Now a days, Vandalism has increased a lot in soccer and other

games. What are the causes and what can be done to curb it.

Questions

Explain how SSL Certificate asymmetric works.
What is SSL offloading?
What is Blue Green deployment.
Difference between Proxy and Firewall.
How to handle  Single point of failure of Load Balancer.

Explain  Clusters with Load Balancer.

Difference between Proxy and Firewall.

 

 

Now all your network traffic is passing through the proxy and it can alter it:

• It can replace the User Agent string with some meaningless string or strip out the referrers.
• It can accept all cookies, but not pass them to you, or it can block them altogether.
• It’s the proxy that’s connecting to the server, not you, so your IP isn’t disclosed.
• A proxy can be set up to work system-wide, so programs won’t be able to bypass it.

There are also some extra features that a proxy can provide:

• It can compress your traffic to save some bandwidth.
• It can cache files to give a little boost to page load times.
• It can strip ads from websites before they reach your computer.
• It can block malicious websites.

And finally, it can be used not only against filters, but also as a filter!

Top reasons to have Software Governance

 

Development Stage	What needs governance	How do we (or tools/techniques used for) govern?
Business Problem	The source of problem statement (real business case vs. developer’s wish) Project roadmap, timeline and resource constraints	Process exists to ensure right stakeholders are engaged, agreed upon project roadmap is defined, and resource pool, delivery timeline and risks are identified
Requirement Gathering	Use Case and Requirements Effort level and Risks	Requirement document reviewed and signed off from all major stakeholders (business, development and testing teams)
Architecture	Alignment with corporate IT Non FRs like Performance, Security	Architecture Review
Design	Design guidelines	Design review
Implementation	Code Quality Feature implementation	Code Review Code Coverage Feature Demo
Testing	Test Plan and Strategy Test Results and Coverage Score card on Non-FRs	Review of Test Plan, Strategy, Coverage, and Results Review of Non-FRs score card or compliance report
Documentation	Documents	Documentation Review
Deployment	Deployment Instructions	Deployment document review Deployment team’s feedback on ease of deployment and 1st few weeks report from production
Service / Maintenance	Ease of troubleshooting Number of Customer found defects New feature request	Tracking production defects and ensuring root cause analysis done on the same Assess and feed feature requests to next release’s project requirements Process to have regular feedback from service team’s

How to Structure Essay writing to score High in IELTS PTE

Agenda

1. Understand the Type of the Question.

2. List the Scope

3. List the Idea

4. List out the keywords and vocabulary to use.
5. Develop the Format

6. ProofRead and Enrich.

 

 

 

1. Understand the Type of the Question.

Based on the question demands, identify whether it is
           a. Discussion
           b. Argument

 
    
    For both the type have 2 main ideas.

2. List the Scope
        As given in the question, identify scope of the article by listing 3-4  keywords.

        Whole article has to revolve around these keywords.

3. List the Idea

        a. Idea 1:  For Para1 : Teachers can change the approach of teaching.

        b. Idea 2: For Para2: Motivation, inspiration, discipline

        c. Idea 3: For Comparing

4. List out the keywords and vocabulary to use.

      Refer: http://surenova.blogspot.in/2016/04/top-9-linking-sentences-to-be-used-in.html

5.  Develop the Format

               

6. Proof Reading:

    Spelling, broken links, and vocabulary.

 

Example:

            

 

    Technology has been increasingly used  throughout the world. This is very apparent in classrooms today.It is disagreed that technology will replace the teachers in class room.

    This will be proved by analyzing how teachers can crater to the needs of their students as well as motivate and discipline them.A very important aspect of teaching is ability of the teacher to shape their teaching style to the needs of their students.
As an example, If students in any give class are having trouble understanding a classroom topic, a teacher can rephrase the topic and deliver it in more effective way.

    A computerized teacher would be less in-tune with what students require and thus would be incapable of doing this.
Thus, technology will not replace teachers.Motivation and disciple are key to student’s academic success in class room.
This is very apparent, when teaching children as children require more motivation and discipline to be taught effectively.Technology based teacher simply cannot accomplish this as certain situations demands judgement as to whether the student is acting in appropriate manner.

    After analyzing, it is clear that the teachers will always be needed in the classroom.
Following the analyzation of the teacher’s ability to crater the students as well as their capability of guiding towards success,.
it is clear that technology will never replace teachers and class room
It is expected that , technology will act as a supplement to teachers.

 

210 Words.

Top 9 Linking Sentences to be used in Essays

 

1. “In order to understand X, we need first to understand Y.”
2. “Frogs are amphibians. In other words, they live on the land and in the water.”
3. “Moreover, the results of a recent piece of research provide compelling evidence in support of…”
4. “Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that…”
5. The war caused unprecedented suffering to millions of people, not to mention its impact on the country’s economy.”
6. Scholar A thinks this. However, Scholar B reached a different conclusion
7.The historical evidence appears to suggest a clear-cut situation. On the other hand, the archaeological evidence presents a somewhat less straightforward picture of what happened that day.”
8. We may use this as evidence to support our argument, provided that we bear in mind the limitations of the methods used to obtain it.
9.“In conclusion, the evidence points almost exclusively to Argument A.”

SOLID Principles

Single Responsibility Principle
       There should never be more than one reason for a class to change.

Open Closed Principle
       Module should be open for extension but closed for modification.
      Eg: For existing 10 algorithm, if I have to add 11th algorithm it should allow for extension.

Liskov Substitution Principle
    Functions which uses reference of base class, should be able to use objects of derived class without knowing them.
    Eg: Program generic Interface, and do not refer concrete classes.

Interface Segregation Principle
    Many client interface are better than one generic Interface.

Dependency Inversion Principle
High level modules should not depend on low level modules. Do not depend on many classes, depend on Interfaces or abstractions.
Both should depend on abstractions.
Abstractions should not depend on details.
Details should depend on details.
Program to interface, not to concrete classes.

Fundamentals in OOPS Concepts

Abstraction
   focusing on essential characteristics of an object not all.
Encapsulation
   which hides internal details of object.
Modularity
    dividing cohesive and loosely coupled
  
Hierarchy
    (is a)
   (part of) – Aggregation
                       Containment
Aggregation(diamond)
   Inner objects life-time is not controlled by outer object.
Containment
    Inner objects life-time is controlled by outer object.
Polymorphism ( can be Aggregation
    compile
    runtime
Namespace
    Logical naming and grouping

Inheritance:
    It is white-box reusability. Concrete class can easily override the logic in base class.

Composition:
  It is black-box resuse, when I am using the object, I get access its public property but not its private.

Design Patterns (Brief)

9

CREATIONAL ( Object Creation)

1. Factory Method
      creating an instance of several of derived classes.
2. Abstract Factory
     creating a family of classes.
3. Builder
     Builds the object in parts. (step by step)
4. Singleton
     Only one instance of an object to be created.
5. Prototype
       Fully initialized object need to be copied or cloned.

STRUCTURAL

   1. Adapter
           Eg: different classes having different interface, we need adapter to match the interface of classes
2. Bridge
       When product is sold , support team separating the developing team from customer.
3. Composite
     is mainly involved in tree of Simple and composite (complex) objects.
4. Decorator
       used to add responsibility to the object at runtime dynamically.
5. Proxy
      used when you want an object to represent another object.
6. FlyWeight
     used when a fine grained object to be used efficiently.
7. Facade
   single class is representing sub-system. Abstract the complex structure.

BEHAVIOURAL

     1. Chain of Responsibility
              while passing request to chain of objects.
    2.  Command
              encapsulate the request in object
   3. Interpreter
           includes the language element in the program
  4. Iterator
         used when to take out traversal item in the list.
5. Mediator
     When we want to simplify between two objects.
6. Memento
        when we want to capture and restore (Eg: Undo operation)
7. Visitor
       defines new operation to class without changing the class.
8. Template
     differ exact steps to sub class.
9. Strategy
    to encapsulate an algorithm in a class.
10. State
         to alter object behavior only when its state change.
11. Observer
            to notify the change to other objects, (publish and subscriber).

What is Software Architecture?

* Architecture Is a Set of Software Structures
3 categories of architectural structures:

                                             

Technorati Tags: Software Architecture

1. Modules. ( Module structures are static structures)

2. Component-and-Connector (components are runtime entity).
                                              
3. Allocation Structures  (mapping of Software structures to environments like organizational, developmental, installations and execution)

REST architectural style describes six constraints applied to architecture

 

1. Uniform Interface

 
Individual resources are identified using URLS. The resources (database) are themselves different from the representation (XML, JSON, HTML) sent to the client. The client can manipulate the resource through the representations provided they have the permissions. Each message sent between the client and the server is self-descriptive and includes enough information to describe how it is to be processed. The hypermedia that is hyperlinks and hypertext act as the engine for state transfer.

2. Stateless Interactions

none of the clients context is to be stored on the server side between the request. All of the information necessary to service the request is contained in the URL, query parameters, body or headers.

3. Cacheable

Clients can cache the responses. The responses must define themselves as cacheable or not to
prevent the client from sending the inappropriate data in response to further requests.

4. Client-Server

The clients and the server are separated from each other thus the client is not concerned with the data storage thus the portability of the client code is improved while on the server side the server is not concerned with the client interference thus the server is simpler and easy to scale.

5. Layered System

At any time client cannot tell if it is connected to the end server or to an intermediate. The  intermediate layer helps to enforce the security policies and improve the system scalability by enabling load-balancing

6. Code on Demand

Technorati Tags: Web API

an optional constraint where the server temporarily extends the functionality of a client by the transfer of executable code.

Web API Best Practices

 

Considering Top 10 Status

200 – OK – Everything is working
201 – OK – New resource has been created
204 – OK – The resource was successfully deleted

304 – Not Modified – The client can use cached data

400 – Bad Request – The request was invalid or cannot be served. The exact error should be explained in the error payload. E.g. „The JSON is not valid“
401 – Unauthorized – The request requires an user authentication
403 – Forbidden – The server understood the request, but is refusing it or the access is not allowed.
404 – Not found – There is no resource behind the URI.
422 – Unprocessable Entity – Should be used if the server cannot process the entity, e.g. if an image cannot be formatted or mandatory fields are missing in the payload.

500 – Internal Server Error – API developers should avoid this error. If an error occurs in the global catch blog, the stracktrace should be logged and not returned as response.

Explain Elastic Block Storage? What type of performance can you expect? How do you back it up? How do you improve performance?

 How do you improve performance?
EBS is a virtualized SAN or storage area network.  That means it is RAID storage to start with so it’s redundant and fault tolerant.  If disks die in that RAID you don’t lose data.  Great!  It is also virtualized, so you can provision and allocate storage, and attach it to your server with various API calls.  No calling the storage expert and asking him or her to run specialized commands from the hardware vendor.

Performance on EBS can exhibit variability.  That is it can go above the SLA performance level, then drop below it.  The SLA provides you with an average disk I/O rate you can expect.  This can frustrate some folks especially performance experts who expect reliable and consistent disk throughput on a server.  Traditional physically hosted servers behave that way.  Virtual AWS instances do not.

Backup EBS volumes by using the snapshot facility via API call or via a GUI interface like elasticfox.

Improve performance by using Linux software raid and striping across four volumes.

What is S3? What is it used for? Should encryption be used?

S3 stands for Simple Storage Service.  You can think of it like ftp storage, where you can move files to and from there, but not mount it like a filesystem.  AWS automatically puts your snapshots there, as well as AMIs there.  Encryption should be considered for sensitive data, as S3 is a proprietary technology developed by Amazon themselves, and as yet unproven vis-a-vis a security standpoint.

More references on AWS S3 here

What is an AMI? How do I build one?

AMI stands for Amazon Machine Image.  It is effectively a snapshot of the root filesystem.  Commodity hardware servers have a bios that points the the master boot record of the first block on a disk.  A disk image though can sit anywhere physically on a disk, so Linux can boot from an arbitrary location on the EBS storage network.

Creating Base AMI

  

Build a new AMI by first spinning up and instance from a trusted AMI.  Then adding packages and components as required.  Be wary of putting sensitive data onto an AMI.  For instance your access credentials should be added to an instance after spinup.  With a database, mount an outside volume that holds your MySQL data after spinup as well.

How to vertically scale an Amazon instance?

Yes.  This is an incredible feature of AWS and cloud virtualization.  Spinup a new larger instance than the one you are currently running.  Pause that instance and detach the root ebs volume from this server and discard.  Then stop your live instance, detach its root volume.  Note the unique device ID and attach that root volume to your new server.   And the start it again.  Voila you have scaled vertically in-place!!

Types of Scaling

What is auto-scaling? How does it work?

Autoscaling is a feature of AWS which allows you to configure and automatically provision and spinup new instances without the need for your intervention.  You do this by setting thresholds and metrics to monitor.  When those thresholds are crossed a new instance of your choosing will be spun up, configured, and rolled into the load balancer pool.  Voila you’ve scaled horizontally without any operator intervention!

With MySQL databases autoscaling can get a little dicey, so we wrote a guide to autoscaling MySQL on amazon EC2.

What automation tools can I use to spinup servers?

The most obvious way is to roll-your-own scripts, and use the AWS API tools.  Such scripts could be written in bash, perl or other language or your choice.  Next option is to use a configuration management and provisioning tool like puppet or better it’s successor Opscode Chef.  You might also look towards a tool like Scalr.  Lastly you can go with a managed solution such as Rightscale.


1. AWS API Tools : https://aws.amazon.com/developertools/351
2. OpsCode Chef : https://www.chef.io/

3. Scalr:  http://www.scalr.com/

4. RightScale:   http://www.rightscale.com/

           

TOP AWS Interview Questions

A must 300+ AWS Questions (objective)

1. Mention what is the relation between an instance and AMI?
2. Explain EC2 Generation Instances in AWS?
3. What are the security best practices for Amazon EC2?
4. Explain how the buffer is used in Amazon web services?
5. Explain Elastic Block Storage?  What type of performance can you expect?  How do you back it up?  How do you improve performance?
6. What is S3?  What is it used for? Should encryption be used?
7.  What is an AMI?  How do I build one?
8. How to vertically scale an Amazon instance?
9. What is auto-scaling? How does it work?
10. What automation tools can I use to spinup servers?
11. What is configuration management?  Why would I want to use it with cloud provisioning of resources?
12. Explain how you would simulate perimeter security using Amazon Web Services model?

What is configuration management? Why would I want to use it with cloud provisioning of resources?

Configuration management has been around for a long time in web operations and systems administration.  Yet the cultural popularity of it has been limited.  Most systems administrators configure machines as software was developed before version control – that is manually making changes on servers.  Each server can then and usually is slightly different.  Troubleshooting though is straightforward as you login to the box and operate on it directly.  Configuration management brings a large automation tool into the picture, managing servers like strings of a puppet.  This forces standardization, best practices, and reproducibility as all configs are versioned and managed.  It also introduces a new way of working which is the biggest hurdle to its adoption.

Enter the cloud, and configuration management becomes even more critical.  That’s because virtual servers such as amazons EC2 instances are much less reliable than physical ones.  You absolutely need a mechanism to rebuild them as-is at any moment.  This pushes best practices like automation, reproducibility and disaster recovery into center stage.